A freshly hatched dragon perches on the shoulder of Daenerys in "Game of Thrones."
By Alan Boyle
This the Year of the Dragon, and not just because of the Chinese calendar: Dragons play big roles in HBO's "Game of Thrones" TV series as well as the upcoming film version of "The Hobbit." Those fire-breathing, leathery-winged reptiles have been gripping the human imagination with their sharp talons for millennia, and it's worth wondering why.
Some folklorists trace the dragon myth back to a variety of sources in ancient China, Rome, Greece and India, and speculate that it had its genesis in the discovery of fossil bones from the strange creatures we now know as dinosaurs:
Scythian lore described griffins with lionlike bodies and birdlike beaks. In the year 77, Pliny the Elder passed down the Scythian stories of gold-guarding griffins with peculiar ears and wings.
During his travels in northern India, the first-century Greek philosopher Apollonius of Tyana reported that "no mountain ridge was without" a dragon to its name. The locals said they used magic to lure the dragons out of the earth and pry out the gems embedded in their skulls.
Chinese accounts of "dragon bones" go back thousands of years?? and as recently as 2006, ground-up dinosaur bones were being used in traditional medicine by villagers who believed they came from dragons. (The hard-to-crack dragon eggs depicted in "Game of Thrones" may well trace their lineage back to fossilized dinosaur eggs.)
Classical folklorist Adrienne Mayor, who relates all these tales in her book "The First Fossil Hunters," ascribes the reports to discoveries in fossil-rich regions such as the Altai Mountains in Central Asia, the Gobi Desert in China and Mongolia, or the Siwalik Hills in the Himalayas. Not knowing any better, adventurers interpreted the dinosaur bones as representing the remains of dragons, griffins and other mythical monsters.
The gold hoarding? That may have arisen because gold deposits were found close to the fossil beds along ancient Issedonian trade routes.
And the gems? "I think the Indian lore about special gems prised out of dragon skulls alludes to the crystals that can form on mineralized bones," Mayor wrote. "The detailed observations of the first modern investigator of the Siwalik fossils confirm my theory: large, glittering calcite crystals and tubular selenite crystals are common in the Siwalik fossils."
Hard-wired for dragons? Anthropologist David Jones went even further in his book "An Instinct for Dragons," published in 2000: He proposed that the fables about winged, poison-spewing, fanged and clawed creatures combined three of the top threats to ancient pre-human primates: raptors like the one that may have preyed on a now-fossilized ape-boy known as the Taung child nearly 2 million years ago; poisonous snakes like the ones that may have driven the evolution of big brains and improved vision in primates millions of years ago; and big cats like the ones our pre-human ancestors had to watch out for in Africa.
"The world-dragon was formed by the nature of our own shadowy progenitors' encounters with the creatures who hunted them over millions of years," Jones wrote. The way he sees it, our brain came to be hard-wired with an instinctive fear of dragons.
Paul Jordan-Smith, a folklorist and storyteller who wrote a fiery critique of Jones' book for the journal Western Folklore, thinks the idea that our ancestors somehow evolved a dragon instinct just doesn't hold up. For one thing, Jones' claim that multiple cultures had the same conception of dragons as dangerous beasts is "demonstrably untrue," he said.
"My take on the mythic image of the dragon is that there is no one 'authentic' image, and no one 'true' meaning," Jordan-Smith told me in an email. "The dragon has been a guardian, a thief, a hoarder (like Smaug, in 'The Hobbit') and a dispenser of wisdom (especially in Chinese tales)."
For another thing, the dragon doesn't show up fully formed in ancient tales.
"It's interesting that dragons do not appear in cave paintings," Jordan-Smith wrote. "What does appear are the beasts that they hunted or that were dangerous. ... Where you do see constructs that aren't literal depictions, they're of humans merged with animals. And when you get civilization, you don't see dragons until much later. ... You don't get dragons until you get stories that have dragons in them."
Who's gripping whom? But once dragons become part of a culture's mythic milieu, they don't fade away. Perhaps that explains why dragons hang around, in Chinese New Year festivals, in European fairy tales, and in American movies and TV shows. Here's what Jordan-Smith had to say about that:
"A dragon, like most mythic imagery, is 'plastic,' in the sense of being adaptable. It can look like whatever the singer of tales wants it to, can serve whatever purpose needed, and can mean just about anything. And some of the traditional qualities may not be incompatible with one another. A dragon that guards a treasure (or an abducted maiden) may be waiting for the right hero that will liberate it from its responsibility. A dragon that threatens to destroy a village may be a wake-up call to rectify misdeeds. Some dragons are enchanted and must be slain to regain their true form. But not all dragons are meant to be slain.
"And what of the hero? He must be changed somehow by the encounter, or else the game is not worth the candle. But what kind of change? In some cultures, to slay a fearsome beast was tantamount to assimilating its powers. ... In Tolkien's books, the Ring exerts its power so thoroughly that its wearer little by little becomes like Gollum. Perhaps there's a particular kind of danger, much more deadly than merely being killed. And perhaps when the hero slays the dragon, he himself is slain, to be reborn as the human incarnation of the dragon. For good or ill? Ask the storyteller."
Maybe it's not the dragon that has a grip on us. Maybe we're the ones who are hanging onto the dragon ? and we don't want to let go.
More about dragons and 'Game of Thrones':
Alan Boyle is msnbc.com's science editor. Connect with the Cosmic Log community by "liking" the log's Facebook page, following @b0yle on Twitter or adding Cosmic Log's Google+ page to your circle. You can also check out "The Case for Pluto," my book about the controversial dwarf planet and the search for other worlds.
"I was out of line for calling the woman the 'b' word and I was wrong for that," Lawal told CSN California. "I was kind of mad about the comments, I was offended by the comments made towards me and I was out of line. I was too emotional. I apologize for that. With that being said, I still feel that I was offended, but I'm in the wrong for what I said."
Lawal has not changed his stance on Lundvall's tone towards him. In the end, it does not matter if anyone else but Lawal found her questioning racist, because it was directed at Lawal. Based on his experiences in his life, he found it to be racist and was offended, and he has a right to feel that way. Lashing out against Lundvall with that language wasn't the best move, which is why he apologized.
Apologizing was a smart thing for Lawal to do because he can now move on from this incident. It won't continue to hang over his head as he continues to rehabilitate from knee surgery and a life-threatening staph infection.
by Fallon Prinzivalli Much to every celebrity's chagrin, "Punk'd" is back. This time around Hollywood's A-listers are turning on each other as Ashton Kutcher relinquishes his role as Prank King to a different celeb every week. Justin Bieber hosted last night's premiere bringing Taylor Swift to tears when she thought she destroyed a wedding, and [...]
Are you wondering what ?advanced dog obedience training? could possibly mean? it is similar to levels and grades that an individual passes in the course of his education. in the same way, obedience training for dogs is divided into specific grades or levels beginning with a basic training.
Children are enrolled in pre-school first. Here, they learn how to communicate and interact with classmates, share their belongings and become a part of a group. Similarly, dogs go through a basic training, which deals with rudimentary discipline and achieves the same ends as studying in kindergarten does for kids.
Most dog owners are satisfied when their pets get past housebreaking and eat inside the house without creating a complete mess. However, there are a few who believe that their pets are capable of better behavior and send them off to dog obedience training classes.
There are certain commands that instruct the dog on how he should behave. these are ?Heel?, ?Sit?, ?Stay?, ?Down? and ?Come?. if the dog responds correctly to these commands each time, then he has passed his obedience test.
Basic training helps a dog fit in better with his family. he is trained to respond to the commands spoken by his owner. Sending your dog for dog obedience training is a positive step towards disciplining him. Enrolling your dog in obedience classes will enable you to communicate effectively with him. Your pet will also understand your commands and follow directions obediently.
Dogs are smart creatures and pick up things very quickly with some breeds being sharper than the rest. A child who moves into junior high is ready with advanced skills that are more than just reading, writing or simple calculation. As he progresses into higher grades, the work gets harder and he puts in more effort into his education. in the same way, pets that are sent to obedience training schools need to work harder to pass an advanced level.
If your pet has successfully passed all obedience training levels, you could enroll him in competitions held for trained pets. you can also inquire about the different titles that each competition holds at the American Kennel Club obedience trials. Each trial to measure dog obedience is split into specific classes or segments and each carries a corresponding title. these trials will be the true test of the rigor of dog obedience training that your dog has undergone.
iCo Therapeutics and JDRF team up to support iDEAL trial for diabetic macular edemaPublic release date: 28-Mar-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Joana Casas mcasas@jdrf.org 212-479-7560 Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
Trial that aims to address the leading cause of blindness in people with Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes being led by Johns Hopkins investigators
iCo Therapeutics (TSX-V: ICO), a Vancouver-based drug reprofiling company and JDRF, the largest charitable funder of type 1 Diabetes (T1D) research have joined forces to investigate a potential new treatment for one of the most common complications of diabetes, diabetic macular edema (DME). The iDEAL study is a Phase II clinical trial to evaluate whether the drug iCo-007 could help to treat DME in people with either T1D or type 2 diabetes. The study is being conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
The iDEAL trial explores whether varying combinations and concentrations of iCo-007 are effective in improving visual acuity in people with DMEthe leading cause of functional visual loss among working Americans, in which leakage of fluid from blood vessels in the eye causes the retina to swell, leading to blurred vision and blindness. The Phase II clinical trial is a multi-center study chaired by Quan Dong Nguyen, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and will study as many as 208 patients with DME at up to 30 clinical sites across the United States. In addition, the Retinal Imaging Research and Reading Center (RIRRC) at the Wilmer Eye Institute serves as the Reading Center for the iDEAL Study.
"The iDEAL trial for iCo-007 is one of the largest studies of its kind currently investigating DME," said Andrew Rae, President and CEO of iCo Therapeutics. "We believe iCo-007 represents an exciting new treatment paradigm for patients suffering from this disease and we look forward to announcing further updates, in collaboration with JDRF."
"Diabetic macular edema is both devastating and prevalent, and yet today's treatments are insufficient," said Aaron Kowalski, Ph.D., assistant vice president of treatment therapies for JDRF. "JDRF is committed to improving the lives of all people with type 1 diabetes, and this involves accelerating both the development and the delivery of better treatments for the disease and its complications. That is why we have placed retinopathy as a high priority research area, and why collaborations like this one are so important. Should iDEAL be successful, iCo-007 could be introduced as a potential new therapy to help preserve vision in people with diabetes."
The iDEAL study, which is in the process of recruiting participants, follows patients for a 12 month period. During the trial, patients are randomized into one of the following four groups: either one of two mono-therapy arms using repeated intravitreal dosing of two different concentrations of iCo-007; or one of two combination arms using iCo-007 with laser photocoagulation or iCo-007 and ranibizumab. To be eligible for the trial, participants must have T1D or type 2 diabetes, baseline visual acuity between 20/32 and 20/320 on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, and DME with central subfoveal thickness greater than 250 microns on optical coherence tomography (OCT).
"Using both a monotherapy as well as combination therapy approach should uncover the potential of this novel drug for treatment of a wider DME patient population," said Peter Hnik, MD, MHSc., Chief Medical Officer of iCo. The primary endpoint of the iDEAL trial is a change in visual acuity from baseline to month eight. Secondary endpoints include: visual acuity at month 12; retinal thickness as measured by OCT at month eight and 12; duration of the effect of iCo-007 at month 12; and safety."
JDRF and iCo Therapeutics expect to provide a further study update, including patient recruitment status, during the second half of 2012. To inquire about participation, please contact Quan Dong Nguyen, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
###
About iCo-007
Designed and discovered by ISIS Pharmaceuticals Inc., (NASDAQ: ISIS), iCo-007 is a second-generation antisense drug targeting c-Raf kinase for the treatment of DME and diabetic retinopathy. iCo-007 completed an open label, dose escalating Phase I trial with safety as the primary endpoint, and visual acuity and measures of retinal thickness serving as secondary endpoints. Importantly, iCo saw no drug-related serious adverse events, no signs of ocular inflammation, no intraocular pressure issues and no systemic exposure. In August 2011, iCo announced the initiation of a US physician-sponsored Phase II clinical trial involving iCo-007, titled the iDEAL study, which is being conducted across multiple sites throughout the United States. The iDEAL Study is being led by the clinician scientists who are investigators in the trial and is being coordinated at Johns Hopkins University.
About DME (Diabetic Macular Edema)
DME is the swelling of the retina in diabetes patients due to leaking blood vessels within the macula, the central portion of the retina that is critical for daytime vision. DME is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults and affects approximately 1.6 million people in the U.S. alone, a number that is expected to grow as Diabetes is forecast to increase by almost 50% in the US by 2025.
About T1D
In T1D, a person's pancreas stops producing enough insulin to survive. People with T1D must currently monitor their blood sugar levels and administer insulin via shots or an insulin pump, multiple times every day. Even vigilant management does not ward against T1D complications such as heart attack, stroke, blindness, and amputation.
About JDRF
JDRF is the leading global organization focused on type 1 diabetes (T1D) research. Driven by passionate, grassroots volunteers connected to children, adolescents, and adults with this disease, JDRF is the largest charitable supporter of T1D research. The goal of JDRF is to improve the lives of every person affected by T1D by accelerating progress on the most promising opportunities for curing, better treating, and preventing T1D. JDRF collaborates with a wide spectrum of partners who share this goal. Since its founding in 1970, JDRF has awarded more than $1.6 billion to T1D research. More than 80 percent of JDRF's expenditures directly support research and research-related education. Past JDRF research efforts have helped to significantly improve the care of people with this disease, and have expanded the critical scientific understanding of T1D. JDRF will not rest until T1D is fully conquered. For more information, please visit www.jdrf.org.
About the Wilmer Eye Institute of Johns Hopkins University
The Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Maryland, USA), founded in 1925, is an internationally-renowned eye institution that specializes in the diagnosis and management of complex medical and surgical eye disease; and serves as a preeminent provider of routine eye care and refractive, optical, cosmetic, and eye trauma services for the Mid-Atlantic region. Wilmer is also recognized as a national and international leader in research, especially in the conducts of novel, early clinical trials to evaluate therapeutic options for ophthalmic diseases, and in the training of medical students, residents, fellows, and ophthalmic technicians. As the largest department of ophthalmology in the United States, the Wilmer Eye Institute has earned recognition for bringing together ophthalmologists and clinician scientists consistently regarded as the finest in the field of vision and ophthalmology.
About iCo Therapeutics
iCo Therapeutics Inc. is a Vancouver-based reprofiling company focused on redosing or reformulating drugs with clinical history for new or expanded indications. iCo has exclusive worldwide rights to three products: iCo-007, in Phase 2 for the treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), iCo-008 (Bertilimumab), a product with Phase 2 clinical history to be developed for sight threatening diseases; and an oral Amphotericin B delivery system for life-threatening infectious diseases. Immune Pharmaceuticals licensed systemic rights to iCo-008 in June 2011. iCo trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol "ICO". For more information, visit the Company website at: www.icotherapeutics.com.
No regulatory authority has approved or disapproved the content of this release. The TSX Venture Exchange does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward Looking Statements
Certain statements included in this press release may be considered forward-looking. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those implied by such statements, and therefore these statements should not be read as guarantees of future performance or results. All forward-looking statements are based on iCo Therapeutics' current beliefs as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to iCo Therapeutics and relate to, among other things, anticipated financial performance, business prospects, strategies, regulatory developments, market acceptance and future commitments. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. Due to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties identified by iCo Therapeutics in its public securities filings; actual events may differ materially from current expectations. iCo Therapeutics disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
iCo Therapeutics and JDRF team up to support iDEAL trial for diabetic macular edemaPublic release date: 28-Mar-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Joana Casas mcasas@jdrf.org 212-479-7560 Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation International
Trial that aims to address the leading cause of blindness in people with Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes being led by Johns Hopkins investigators
iCo Therapeutics (TSX-V: ICO), a Vancouver-based drug reprofiling company and JDRF, the largest charitable funder of type 1 Diabetes (T1D) research have joined forces to investigate a potential new treatment for one of the most common complications of diabetes, diabetic macular edema (DME). The iDEAL study is a Phase II clinical trial to evaluate whether the drug iCo-007 could help to treat DME in people with either T1D or type 2 diabetes. The study is being conducted at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
The iDEAL trial explores whether varying combinations and concentrations of iCo-007 are effective in improving visual acuity in people with DMEthe leading cause of functional visual loss among working Americans, in which leakage of fluid from blood vessels in the eye causes the retina to swell, leading to blurred vision and blindness. The Phase II clinical trial is a multi-center study chaired by Quan Dong Nguyen, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, and will study as many as 208 patients with DME at up to 30 clinical sites across the United States. In addition, the Retinal Imaging Research and Reading Center (RIRRC) at the Wilmer Eye Institute serves as the Reading Center for the iDEAL Study.
"The iDEAL trial for iCo-007 is one of the largest studies of its kind currently investigating DME," said Andrew Rae, President and CEO of iCo Therapeutics. "We believe iCo-007 represents an exciting new treatment paradigm for patients suffering from this disease and we look forward to announcing further updates, in collaboration with JDRF."
"Diabetic macular edema is both devastating and prevalent, and yet today's treatments are insufficient," said Aaron Kowalski, Ph.D., assistant vice president of treatment therapies for JDRF. "JDRF is committed to improving the lives of all people with type 1 diabetes, and this involves accelerating both the development and the delivery of better treatments for the disease and its complications. That is why we have placed retinopathy as a high priority research area, and why collaborations like this one are so important. Should iDEAL be successful, iCo-007 could be introduced as a potential new therapy to help preserve vision in people with diabetes."
The iDEAL study, which is in the process of recruiting participants, follows patients for a 12 month period. During the trial, patients are randomized into one of the following four groups: either one of two mono-therapy arms using repeated intravitreal dosing of two different concentrations of iCo-007; or one of two combination arms using iCo-007 with laser photocoagulation or iCo-007 and ranibizumab. To be eligible for the trial, participants must have T1D or type 2 diabetes, baseline visual acuity between 20/32 and 20/320 on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, and DME with central subfoveal thickness greater than 250 microns on optical coherence tomography (OCT).
"Using both a monotherapy as well as combination therapy approach should uncover the potential of this novel drug for treatment of a wider DME patient population," said Peter Hnik, MD, MHSc., Chief Medical Officer of iCo. The primary endpoint of the iDEAL trial is a change in visual acuity from baseline to month eight. Secondary endpoints include: visual acuity at month 12; retinal thickness as measured by OCT at month eight and 12; duration of the effect of iCo-007 at month 12; and safety."
JDRF and iCo Therapeutics expect to provide a further study update, including patient recruitment status, during the second half of 2012. To inquire about participation, please contact Quan Dong Nguyen, MD, MSc, Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the Wilmer Eye Institute of the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.
###
About iCo-007
Designed and discovered by ISIS Pharmaceuticals Inc., (NASDAQ: ISIS), iCo-007 is a second-generation antisense drug targeting c-Raf kinase for the treatment of DME and diabetic retinopathy. iCo-007 completed an open label, dose escalating Phase I trial with safety as the primary endpoint, and visual acuity and measures of retinal thickness serving as secondary endpoints. Importantly, iCo saw no drug-related serious adverse events, no signs of ocular inflammation, no intraocular pressure issues and no systemic exposure. In August 2011, iCo announced the initiation of a US physician-sponsored Phase II clinical trial involving iCo-007, titled the iDEAL study, which is being conducted across multiple sites throughout the United States. The iDEAL Study is being led by the clinician scientists who are investigators in the trial and is being coordinated at Johns Hopkins University.
About DME (Diabetic Macular Edema)
DME is the swelling of the retina in diabetes patients due to leaking blood vessels within the macula, the central portion of the retina that is critical for daytime vision. DME is the leading cause of blindness in working age adults and affects approximately 1.6 million people in the U.S. alone, a number that is expected to grow as Diabetes is forecast to increase by almost 50% in the US by 2025.
About T1D
In T1D, a person's pancreas stops producing enough insulin to survive. People with T1D must currently monitor their blood sugar levels and administer insulin via shots or an insulin pump, multiple times every day. Even vigilant management does not ward against T1D complications such as heart attack, stroke, blindness, and amputation.
About JDRF
JDRF is the leading global organization focused on type 1 diabetes (T1D) research. Driven by passionate, grassroots volunteers connected to children, adolescents, and adults with this disease, JDRF is the largest charitable supporter of T1D research. The goal of JDRF is to improve the lives of every person affected by T1D by accelerating progress on the most promising opportunities for curing, better treating, and preventing T1D. JDRF collaborates with a wide spectrum of partners who share this goal. Since its founding in 1970, JDRF has awarded more than $1.6 billion to T1D research. More than 80 percent of JDRF's expenditures directly support research and research-related education. Past JDRF research efforts have helped to significantly improve the care of people with this disease, and have expanded the critical scientific understanding of T1D. JDRF will not rest until T1D is fully conquered. For more information, please visit www.jdrf.org.
About the Wilmer Eye Institute of Johns Hopkins University
The Wilmer Eye Institute at Johns Hopkins University (Baltimore, Maryland, USA), founded in 1925, is an internationally-renowned eye institution that specializes in the diagnosis and management of complex medical and surgical eye disease; and serves as a preeminent provider of routine eye care and refractive, optical, cosmetic, and eye trauma services for the Mid-Atlantic region. Wilmer is also recognized as a national and international leader in research, especially in the conducts of novel, early clinical trials to evaluate therapeutic options for ophthalmic diseases, and in the training of medical students, residents, fellows, and ophthalmic technicians. As the largest department of ophthalmology in the United States, the Wilmer Eye Institute has earned recognition for bringing together ophthalmologists and clinician scientists consistently regarded as the finest in the field of vision and ophthalmology.
About iCo Therapeutics
iCo Therapeutics Inc. is a Vancouver-based reprofiling company focused on redosing or reformulating drugs with clinical history for new or expanded indications. iCo has exclusive worldwide rights to three products: iCo-007, in Phase 2 for the treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema (DME), iCo-008 (Bertilimumab), a product with Phase 2 clinical history to be developed for sight threatening diseases; and an oral Amphotericin B delivery system for life-threatening infectious diseases. Immune Pharmaceuticals licensed systemic rights to iCo-008 in June 2011. iCo trades on the TSX Venture Exchange under the symbol "ICO". For more information, visit the Company website at: www.icotherapeutics.com.
No regulatory authority has approved or disapproved the content of this release. The TSX Venture Exchange does not accept responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward Looking Statements
Certain statements included in this press release may be considered forward-looking. Such statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause actual results, performance or achievements to be materially different from those implied by such statements, and therefore these statements should not be read as guarantees of future performance or results. All forward-looking statements are based on iCo Therapeutics' current beliefs as well as assumptions made by and information currently available to iCo Therapeutics and relate to, among other things, anticipated financial performance, business prospects, strategies, regulatory developments, market acceptance and future commitments. Readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date of this press release. Due to risks and uncertainties, including the risks and uncertainties identified by iCo Therapeutics in its public securities filings; actual events may differ materially from current expectations. iCo Therapeutics disclaims any intention or obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
FDA Advisory Committee Presentations are one of the most significant slide presentations that a pharmaceutical drug business is ever going to make. The stakes are actually big simply because in many instances, the pharmaceutical businesses invest vast amounts of money researching and testing their product as well as which comes right down to a single demonstration and there?s no second chance. It is therefore very important for the FDA AdComm presentations to get the very best that your company can give. Here are a few suggestions that can help you and your company to create successful FDA AdComm presentations.
To begin with, you must have plans. Set out all the information of the presentation plus go through them frequently. Since you also will probably be showing to the FDA, it is important to keep your presentation as successful as possible.
Second of all, you should utilize graphs, pie graphs or perhaps bar graphs to be able to represent your own findings. It will be also preferable to use photos. Simply because images are definitely more fascinating to the audience compared to composed paragraphs.
You should not clutter your own presentation. Try whenever possible to keep it basic and to the point. While presenting, you ought to show the target audience that you?re enthusiastic about your presentation. Like that, they will be wondering why you?re so passionate and they?ll need to find out more about what you may have to present.
Individuals generally bear in mind only 2 parts of your demonstration. That is the beginning and the end. It is therefore essential to correctly close your presentation. Review the key factors, advise your viewers of the essential stats and then appreciate all of them for offering you the ability to design your presentation.
Lastly, you must go through your business presentation time and time again until you are sure that there are no blunders. And then, you ought to practice with all the slides in addition to with no slides. By doing this, you will know where exactly to locate your information just in case something goes completely wrong throughout the presentation.
Find out more details of FDA advisory committee presentations.
PARIS (AP) ? The father of the Muslim gunman who attacked French soldiers and a Jewish school says he wants to know why special forces killed his son rather than knock him out with gas and "take him like a baby."
In a brief interview aired on Tuesday by France 24 TV, Mohamed Benalel Merah asked why a "strong country" with options killed him instead of capturing him.
Mohamed Merah, 23, killed seven people. Police killed him after a 32-hour standoff at his Toulouse apartment. Authorities have said Merah had fired volleys at them.
Merah's father, who lives in Algeria, said he should have been taken alive and judged.
He asked: "Why did they kill him? ... They could have used gas, for example to take him like a baby."
Merah reportedly wants to file a complaint for his son's death.
THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.
PARIS (AP) ? A video apparently showing a Muslim gunman's attacks on soldiers and a Jewish school was sent to the Al-Jazeera television network but not by him, French police said Tuesday, raising the specter of a possible accomplice.
Al-Jazeera on Tuesday decided not to air a video that seems to have been filmed from the killer's point of view and includes the cries of his victims. The decision came after President Nicolas Sarkozy asked them not to broadcast it.
A French official close to the investigation said it was not sent by Mohamed Merah, a 23-year-old Frenchman who was killed in a shootout Thursday after a 32-hour standoff with police at his apartment building in Toulouse.
Another official said the envelope sent to Al-Jazeera contained a Wednesday postmark from a large postal processing center for the area around Toulouse, meaning it was unclear exactly where it was mailed from. He could not say anything about who may have sent the video.
The first official said a technical analysis had concluded that it was not sent by Merah but did not indicate whether that analysis included fingerprints, DNA, surveillance or other data.
Merah was surrounded in his apartment since a pre-dawn police raid Wednesday. Police did not elaborate on why they think he did not put the package into the mail before then.
Prosecutors have said that Merah filmed all of his attacks, which began March 11 with the murder of a French soldier. Before the spree ended, two more soldiers and three Jewish children and a rabbi were killed, while another student and another paratrooper were wounded.
Police said Merah claimed the attacks and had told them he had links to al-Qaida, traveled to Afghanistan and received weapons training in the militant Pakistani tribal region of Waziristan.
Sarkozy has called the attacks isolated acts of violence, the work of a "lone wolf" ? but investigators have questioned some of Merah's claims and say they are open to the possibility of accomplices.
Preliminary charges for complicity in murder and terrorism have been filed against Merah's older brother, Abdelkader, though no evidence has emerged that he took part directly in the shooting.
It was not clear if Abdelkader could have sent the video. Police first detained him as they carried out Wednesday's early raid.
The two officials spoke on condition of anonymity because of the sensitivity of the case.
"What we know is that it (the video) was reassembled. Things were added in. We don't know if the full sequence was in it. But it was not just the video as it was filmed. There was an editing process and additions made," the first official said.
Zied Tarrouche, Al-Jazeera's Paris bureau chief, said the video had clearly been edited, with religious songs and recitations of Quranic verses laid over the footage.
The footage appeared to have been taken from the point of view of the killer, perhaps from a camera hung around his neck, according Tarrouche, who described the video to BFM television station. He said they were a bit shaky but of a high technical quality.
"You can hear gunshots at the moment of the killings. You can hear the voice of this person who has committed these assassinations. You can hear also the cries of the victims, and the voices were distorted," Tarrouche said.
The footage was contained on a USB key sent with a letter to the Paris office of the Qatar-based television company, Tarrouche said. The letter, written in poor French with spelling and grammar errors, claimed the shootings were carried out in the name of al-Qaida. The second official said it was hand written in all capital letters.
The channel said the video was received from an anonymous source on Monday and immediately passed it on to French police. It decided not to show the images.
"In accordance with Al Jazeera's Code of Ethics, given the video does not add any information that is not already in the public domain, its news channels will not be broadcasting any of its contents," the broadcaster said in a statement.
Al-Jazeera said it had received many requests by media to look at the video but it would deny all of them.
That decision came after Sarkozy, other French officials and family members of the victims had asked that it not be broadcast.
"I ask the managers of all television stations that might have these images not to broadcast them in any circumstances, out of respect for the victims ? out of respect for the Republic," Sarkozy said Tuesday.
Tarrouche said the Paris prosecutor, whose office is leading the investigation, had also called to explain the consequences of disseminating the images. But Tarrouche said the prosecutor said he would not prohibit the channel from "doing its work as journalists."
Al-Jazeera was frequently used early in the Iraq and Afghan wars as a conduit for militants, including Osama bin Laden, to distribute taped statements. As the Iraq war progressed, many of these tapes included gruesome killings and beheadings of Western or foreign hostages, although the station edited out some of the grisliest scenes at the moment of death.
The broadcasts drew outrage, especially from the U.S. government. Over time, most militant groups opted instead for posting such videos on their own websites, where they were not subject to outside editing.
Meanwhile, Merah's father, who was estranged from his son and lives in Algeria, has reportedly said he wants to file a complaint for Mohamed's death. In his address, Sarkozy expressed outrage at that idea.
Sarkozy, in the middle of a tough re-election campaign, has announced a raft of new measures aimed at preventing the spread and incubation of radical ideas, including penalizing those who regularly consult websites that promote jihad.
On Tuesday, he said wanted to speed up the process of expelling radicals from France as well as prevent them from ever entering.
"Extremists are playing with our administrative formalities. Our job is to be more efficient," he said. "Preachers who continually target our system can stay where they are. We don't want them on the soil of the French Republic."
Meanwhile, another brother, Abdelghani, told a religious representative that the family wants Mohamed Merah's body to be buried in Algeria.
The funeral home was to make the request Tuesday with the Algerian consulate, and the body would be transferred Thursday if the authorization is granted, Abdallah Zekri, a representative of the Paris Mosque in charge of Toulouse.
Abdelghani Merah initially wanted the body buried in France, but insisted he would not attend any funeral of his younger brother, "who he considers a monster," according to Zekri.
Ultimately the brother gave in to his mother's wishes, Zekri said.
___
Associated Press writer Sylvie Corbet in Paris contributed to this story.
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Prostate cancer is an illness that is made up in prostate gland of the male reproductive system. It has a slow rate of growth for many people who are diagnosed with it. However there have been situations where a person has had it grow rapidly to other parts of their body at a really fast rate. The parts of the body that are most susceptible to this cell growth are the bones and lymph nodes. The cancer creates problems during sexual intercourse and problems with urinating and pain associated with it.
This is something that is more prevalent in men that are above the age of fifty years. It?s a popular type of cancer that develops in men, some of the men that are diagnosed have never had symptoms of this.
The reasons for this include that it?s something which develops slowly and does not have symptoms for many sufferers and men who have it are generally older so they may pass on due to reasons that aren?t related to the disease. This could include pneumonia, circulatory disease, high blood pressure or any other illnesses that often come with old age.
The past three decades have seen a greater number of people who have survived this illness in the United Kingdom. However it is not clear as to the dependency of these statistics. This is probably because of technology. It has made it possible to have prostate specific antigen and trans urethral resection tests.
About twenty five thousand men are reported in the United Kingdom to be diagnosed every year. There are a couple of reasons why some of these patients live longer than others. How long a person has had it will greatly influence how long they lie. Also if it is still only in the gland then they may live longer.
This could mean that for the patient they can live for five years longer. The rate of this stands at seventy percent. Unfortunately if it has spread one cannot expect to live for very long as the likelihood of living for five years decreases to about twenty percent. Ten thousand males is the approximate number of men who die each year from this illness. However, men in this country are fortunate as it is a first world country. Developing nations have a lower life expectancy rate generally for sufferers of this illness.
A doctor who checks this is called a urologist. They are capable of running tests which determine whether you have it or not. It is also possible for them to see what the risks are for an individual patient. The risk factor is what helps the urologist decide on the medication they will give to each patient.
There are a variety of these tests done such as the CT or MRI scan and others that give an indication of prospects of surviving the treatment of prostate cancer.
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ISTANBUL (AP) ? A year of sanctions, diplomacy and harsh rhetoric failed to stop Syria's bloody crackdown and oust President Bashar Assad. With frustration running high, Turkey and other countries that have staked moral credibility on ending the violence are increasingly looking at intervention on Syrian soil, a strategy they have so far avoided for lack of international consensus and fears it could widen the conflict.
Diplomacy has not yet run its course, but more treacherous options, including aid to Syrian rebels, are likely to come up at a meeting of dozens of countries that oppose Assad, including the United States and its European and Arab partners, in Istanbul on April 1.
One prominent option floated by Turkey is a "buffer zone" on the Turkish-Syrian border, which could amount to a foreign military occupation, intent on regime change even if the aim is humanitarian in name. The risks of such an endeavor in a combustible region are evident in the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq, Israel's occupation of southern Lebanon decades ago and Syria's own military presence in Lebanon until 2005.
Yet, comparisons with international hesitation over the Balkans bloodshed in the 1990s make it ever harder to engage in seemingly endless, and fruitless, diplomacy.
Turkish Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan discussed Syria with U.S. President Barack Obama on Sunday at a nuclear security conference in South Korea, and said it was not possible to tolerate events there. Earlier, Erdogan was asked by reporters on his plane whether a safe zone inside Syria was on the agenda.
"Studies are under way," Erdogan said. "It would depend on developments. The 'right to protection' may be put into use, according to international rules. We are trying to find a solution by engaging Russia, China and Iran."
Erdogan predicted that "everything could change" if those countries withdraw their support for Syria, and he accused Assad of reviving ties with and "protecting" rebels of the PKK, a Turkish Kurd group at war with the Turkish state. Turkey already hosts some 17,000 Syrian refugees, and casting the Syrian crisis in terms of Turkey's national security strengthens the case for intervention.
U.N. and Arab League envoy Kofi Annan was discussing Syria on Sunday in Russia, which vetoed a U.N. Security Council resolution aimed at pressuring Assad but has shown increasing impatience with him. His next stop is Beijing, which also blocked U.N. action.
Annan's plan, endorsed by the U.N. Security Council, includes a cease-fire by Syrian forces, a daily two-hour halt to fighting to evacuate the injured and provide aid, and inclusive talks about a political solution.
But, there are still questions about how such an agreement would be overseen and enforced. An Arab League monitoring effort in Syria failed, labeled a farce by some who participated. The likelihood that a Syrian regime that has shelled cities would talk in good faith to the people it targeted is remote, and outgunned Syrian rebels say the time is long past for any negotiation.
The United Nations says more than 8,000 people have died. Many were civilian protesters.
Assad bucked the trend of relatively quick transitions to new governments in regional uprisings. Tunisia, Egypt and Libya, where a NATO bombing campaign helped oust Moammar Gadhafi, did not bear the same geopolitical tensions as the Syrian case. The conflict there comes as Israel considers a plan to bomb the nuclear facilities of Iran, a regional power and close ally of Assad, and further destabilization in Syria could set off lasting unrest.
Turkey and the United States, in an election year, "are reluctant to make more forceful moves because of the long-term costs of policing the sectarian violence that will surely happen following the collapse of the Assad regime," said Arda Batu, professor of international relations at Yeditepe University in Istanbul and editor-in-chief of the Kalem Journal, a website about regional affairs
The countries meeting in Istanbul hope to help the Syrian opposition coalesce into a more coherent movement that can show all Syrians, not only the majority Sunni Muslims, that they would have a place in a post-Assad future.
The "Friends of Syria" group of more than 60 countries made little headway at its maiden meeting in Tunisia in February, and countries are already talking about creating a subgroup to discuss military options more urgently. Saudi Arabia and Qatar are some of the strongest advocates of this approach.
One idea sees Arab countries and Turkey ? with the U.S., ideally, but possibly without ? establishing a buffer zone along the Syrian-Turkish border that would serve as a humanitarian corridor and staging ground for the rebel Free Syrian Army. On the Syrian side of the border, it would entail army defectors and other guerrillas wresting control of land and holding it, which they have been unable to do.
Earlier this month, CIA chief David Petraeus met Erdogan in Ankara. Turkish media said the prime minister warned that deepening instability in Syria would provide a "living space" for militant organizations active in the region, including the PKK.
On Saturday, Turkey's Yeni Safak newspaper, which is considered close to the government, said 500 military personnel have inspected areas close to the border for a safe zone that could stretch 20 kilometers (12.5 miles) inside Syria, and would end their "studies" before the meeting in Istanbul.
The newspaper did not provide sources, but the report contributed to a sense that the safe zone idea is slowly gaining traction despite the pitfalls.
"If the U.S. is not involved, there is no way Turkey would get involved in it," said Osman Bahadir Dincer, a Syria expert at the International Strategic Research Organisation, a center in Ankara, the Turkish capital. However, he predicted "some kind of an intervention in the form of a buffer zone or a safe zone" within one or two months.
Dincer said a decision to arm the Free Syrian Army was unlikely at the Istanbul meeting amid questions over the composition of the ragtag militias, and divisions between fighters in Syria and the Syrian National Council, the opposition group based outside the country.
"The opposition is too fragmented, there is confusion as to which group represents who, or what they represent," he said.
The U.S. and other key allies, however, are considering providing Syrian rebels with communications help, medical aid and other "non-lethal" assistance. Ben Rhodes, the White House deputy national security adviser for strategic communication, said in South Korea on Sunday that communications assistance could be critical to the opposition's efforts.
If any military intervention is to gain the international legitimacy that was accorded the Libya mission, it will need the U.N.'s stamp of approval. That requires the acquiescence of veto-wielding Security Council members Russia and China, an unlikely possibility that could only occur if they are included in the process and feel similarly betrayed by the Assad regime.
Without the U.N., the U.S. would be stretched to justify military involvement. It could help NATO ally Turkey in the event of a Syrian attack across the border, or make a U-turn on a doctrine of caution about intervention that Obama has insisted on since he was a presidential candidate.
"Of course, it is not possible to remain a spectator, to wait and not to intervene," Erdogan said in South Korea, with Obama at his side. "It is our humanitarian and conscientious responsibility. We are engaged in efforts toward doing whatever is necessary within the framework of international law. We are happy to see that our views on this overlap."
___
Associated Press writers Suzan Fraser in Ankara and Bradley Klapper in Washington contributed.
It had become tradition in Mexico. Before daybreak, youths would creep as close as security permitted and serenade their beloved Pope John Paul II with a song of greeting and celebration.
Now a new, less familiar pope had come, seeking to strengthen his own ties with the largest Spanish-speaking Catholic nation.
So well before dawn Saturday, two dozen youths from a Guadalajara church group gathered near the school where the Pope Benedict XVI was staying. "We sang with all our heart and all our force," said Maria Fernanda de Luna, a member of the group. "It gave us goosebumps to sing 'Las Mananitas' for him."
RELATED:?Catholicism in Latin America: 5 key facts
Songs, joyful throngs, church bells and confetti welcomed Benedict as he began his first trip to Mexico, a celebration that seemed to erupt spontaneously out of what had been a thin, sun-dazed crowd.
As Pope Benedict XVI's plane appeared in the shimmering heat of Friday afternoon, people poured from their homes. They packed sidewalks five and six deep, screaming ecstatically as the pope passed, waving slowly. Some burst into tears.
Many had said moments earlier that they could never love a pope as strongly as Benedict's predecessor, John Paul II. But the presence of a pope on Mexican soil touched a chord of overwhelming respect and adoration for the papacy itself, the personification for many of the Catholic Church, and God. Thousands found themselves taken aback by their own emotions.
As a girl, Celia del Rosario Escobar, 42, saw John Paul II on one of his five trips to Mexico, which brought him near-universal adoration.
"I was 12 and it's an experience that still makes a deep impression on me," she said. "I thought this would be different, but, no, the experience is the same."
"I can't speak," she murmured, pressing her hands to her chest and starting to cry.
Belief in the goodness and power of the pope runs deep in Guanajuato, the most observantly Catholic state in Mexico, a place of deep social conservatism and the wellspring of an armed uprising against harsh anti-clerical laws in the 1920s. Some in the crowd came for literal healing, a blessing from the pope's passage that would cure illness, or bring them more work. Others sought inspiration, rejuvenation of their faith, energy to be a better parent.
Popes "have a personality, a positive energy. The simple fact of seeing him is a great satisfaction," said Jose Luis Perez Daza, a 47-year-old lawyer from Mexico City who was among thousands pouring off of buses Saturday and trudging three miles (five kilometers) to a sprawling campground in the city of Silao to await Sunday's papal Mass.
"It is faith that moves us," said Alejandra Angoa, 34, a handicrafts-maker from the state of Tlaxcala. She walked alongside people of all ages carrying sleeping bags, coolers, backpacks, rolling suitcases and jugs of water to the campsite, where a festival-like feeling prevailed. Many sang or played guitars.
Many said the pope's message of peace and unity would help heal their country, traumatized by the deaths of more than 47,000 people in a drug war that has escalated during a government offensive against cartels that began more than five years ago.
In a speech on the airport tarmac shortly after arriving, Benedict said he was praying for all in need, "particularly those who suffer because of old and new rivalries, resentments and all forms of violence."
He said he had come to Mexico as a pilgrim of hope, to encourage Mexicans to "transform the present structures and events which are less than satisfactory and seem immovable or insurmountable while also helping those who do not see meaning or a future in life."
No part of Mexico has been spared at least a small scrape with drug gang violence, but Escobar said she hopes that Benedict will help turn around a society devastated by the drug trade and the brutal violence it spawns.
"I would like him to raise the consciousness of those people who are hurting Mexico, those involved in drug addiction, in the mafia," Escobar said. "I hope that we have will more respect for life."
Antonio Martinez, 57, said he wanted relief from diabetes and divine intervention that would bring him more than occasional work in Leon's shoe factories. He stood by the side of the road, resting against his bicycle, waiting for a glimpse of the pope.
"Simply greeting the pope and receiving his blessing can change our lives," Martinez said. "I believe that my health will improve, that more sources of work will appear."
The faithful lined more than 20 miles (32 kilometers) of the pope's route from the airport into Leon shouting the ultimate welcome: "Benedict, brother, you are now Mexican!"
The pope responded to the greeting as he stepped off his plane to wild cheers and the clamor of ringing bells.
"This is a proud country of hospitality, and nobody feels like a stranger in your land," Benedict said. "I knew that. Now I see it and now I feel it in my heart."
RELATED:?Catholicism in Latin America: 5 key facts
The weeklong trip to Mexico and Cuba is Benedict's first to both countries, and it will be a test of stamina for the pope, who turns 85 next month. At the airport Friday in Rome, he used a cane, apparently for the first time in public, while walking about 100 yards (meters) to the airliner's steps.
Papal aides, speaking on condition of anonymity, said Benedict has been using the cane in private for about two months because it makes him feel more secure and not for any medical reason. He left the cane aside as he stepped off the plane in Mexico.
One of the greatest rocket scientists of all time would have been 100 years old on Friday (March 23), and his legacy is being celebrated in his adopted home town of Huntsville, Ala.
Wernher von Braun was a German engineer who came to the United States at the end of World War II after working for the German war effort designing the V-2 combat rocket. Despite his past and affiliation with the Nazi party, von Braun went on to build the rockets that would carry U.S. astronauts to the moon and establish America as a leader in space for decades to come. He became a United States citizen in 1955.
"He was very unique," recalled American aerospace engineer David Christensen, who worked with von Braun when he arrived in the United States. "I don't know of another individual, frankly, that's had those capabilities, either then or now, that could do the things he did."
Christensen, who will turn 80 on April 7, will speak along with others who knew von Braun at a University of Alabama in Huntsville commemorative event on Friday.
Christensen was part of the team that worked with von Braun at the Army Ballistic Missile Agency at the Redstone Arsenal in Huntsville, where the German scientist was leading the effort to develop the first U.S. intermediate-range ballistic missile. [Photos: Von Braun & America's Rocket Pioneers]
"I met him the first day on the job in February 1956," Christensen recalled. "He'd forgotten his belt that day and had taken a piece of rope and tied it around his waist. He was a very warm personality."
Von Braun's team, which was transferred to NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville in 1960, went on to develop the Redstone, Jupiter and Saturn rockets that launched America's space program. Von Braun became the center's first director, and presided over the development of the world's tallest, heaviest and most powerful rocket, the Saturn V, which lofted Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and Michael Collins to the moon in 1969.
Despite his outsize intellect, von Braun "didn't act that way," Christensen told SPACE.com. "He was very down to Earth and friendly, never talked down to anyone. But talking to him, working on a project, you learned very quickly he was a genius."
Though the team was gifted, it took tremendously hard work to achieve what they did as quickly as they did it, Christensen said.
"Everybody worked very hard," he remembered. "Some of the people worked themselves into the grave, lost their wives, working round the clock. Von Braun was only 65 when he died. It was a dedicated effort."
Still, Christensen said their leader found time for more than just rocket science.
"He was a very broad-based individual, very culturally capable; he played several musical instruments, wrote music, he was an astronomer and he was certainly a top notch engineer," Christensen recalled.
However, for some, von Braun's legacy is also weighted with his involvement in German war activities, as well as his status as a Sturmbannf?hrer of the SS and former member of the Nazi party.
"The V-2s were manufactured at a forced labor factory called Mittelwerk," states NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center history website. "Scholars are still reassessing his role in these controversial activities."
Yet Christensen says he and the members of von Braun's team were focused on their work, and not the past.
"Among all the coworkers, there was no animosity, though maybe there was with some of the people in the town," Christensen said. "In working with him daily you get very well acquainted. Everybody worked as a team, whether they were German or American."
Certainly, von Braun's contribution to rocket science is warmly recognized in both his home and adopted countries, as well as beyond. In addition to various buildings and institutions named after him in Huntsville, there are numerous streets that bear his name in Germany, and even a crater on the moon is called von Braun in his honor.
You can follow SPACE.com assistant managing editor Clara Moskowitz on Twitter @ClaraMoskowitz. Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcomand on Facebook.